nitric oxide) (Yang and Lee 2010)
In a 16-week randomized study of 30 obese men with functional hypogonadism who had responded poorly to lifestyle measures, liraglutide raised total testosterone by an average of 2.6 nmol/L and significantly increased LH and FSH a pattern suggesting the HPT axis itself recovered rather than testosterone simply being replaced (Jensterle et al., 2019, Endocrine Connections )
Muscles feel less sore, and mood may become more balanced
However, important methodological limitations substantially constrain causal interpretation of this finding
Natural NAD+ levels decline with age, and many patients pursuing longevity, recovery, and metabolic health protocols choose to support those levels intentionally
Some individuals in these groups may choose to take L-carnitine supplements, including liquid carnitine, to ensure they are meeting their dietary needs